District Court for the Northern District of California v. 23 June 2025 - C 24-05417 WHA, USA: Fair Use of Copyrighted Works as Input Material Training LLMs?, CRi 2025, S022

Lejeune, Mathias, Fair Use in the Context of Training AI Systems in the USA, CRi 2025, S023

AI models/systems, especially socalled Generative AI Systems are trained on big quantities of different kind of content, (e.g. texts, lyrics, songs, pictures etc.) which is often protected by copyright. This has raised the question, whether the use of such copyrighted content for the training of such AI systems requires permission of the author/rightholder of the used content or whether such permission is not necessary because such use can be justified by the application of the fair use doctrine.
The fair use doctrine according to Section 107 of the US Copyright Act is an affirmative defense against infringements of copyrighted works. At the end of June, two judges of the District Court of the Northern District of California have issued two decisions at the heart of which was the application of the fair use doctrine in the context of a training of AI Systems: Bartz v. Anthropic and Kadrey v. Meta. This article explains these decisions and offers an initial evaluation.

Irish High Court v. 11 December 2024 - , Ireland: Rules for Obtaining Passwords to Seized Digital Devices, CRi 2025, S024

District Court Northern District of Texas v. 15 May 2025 - No. 3:25-cv-516-BN, USA: Use of Artificial Intelligence in Court Filings, CRi 2025, S026

High Court of Justice (King’s Bench Division) v. 6 June 2025 - Nos. AC-2024-LON-003062 and CL-2024-000435, UK: Use of Artificial Intelligence in Court Proceedings, CRi 2025, S027

Albrecht, Daniel, Framework for Autonomous Vehicles in China, CRi 2025, S028

China accelerates autonomous vehicle (AV) development and outpaces global markets with ambitious city-wide testing programs. This prompts ongoing legal debate and legislative action in response to this fast-evolving sector. The article provides an initial overview of the relevant regulations and emphasizes that, with the rapid advancement of autonomous driving technology, continuous refinement of legal regulations is essential to ensure a balance between technological progress and the protection of public interest.